柴达木盆地西北缘石英闪长岩的形成时代、岩石成因及地质意义     

辜平阳  陈锐明  查显锋  董增产  庄玉军  查方勇  李培庆 《岩石矿物学杂志》2018,37(1):19-33

柴达木盆地西北缘石英闪长岩Al2O3含量较高,全碱(Alk)含量较低,Na2OK2O,铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.87~0.91,属钙碱性准铝质岩石系列。球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分曲线表现为轻稀土元素富集型,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,Eu弱负异常;微量元素地球化学特征显示,岩石富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,Nb/La和Rb/Nb比值较低,具有I型花岗岩的特征。石英闪长岩Ca O/Na2O比值较高(2.32~2.64),结合源岩判别图解综合推断其源于变玄武岩的部分熔融。全岩Zr饱和温度计算结果显示初始岩浆温度768℃;岩石地球化学特征表明岩浆源区压力1.5 Ga,源岩部分熔融的残留相可能为石榴子石+角闪石+金红石。经过锆石阴极发光分析和MC-LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得206Pb/238Pb加权平均年龄为252±1 Ma,代表了柴达木盆地西北缘石英闪长岩的成岩年龄。结合区域地质演化特征,认为该岩体形成于与板块俯冲有关的火山弧构造环境,是晚二叠世末期宗务隆洋壳向柴北缘欧龙布鲁克地块俯冲,变玄武岩在相对较高的温压条件下发生部分熔融形成的。  相似文献   

A model for the representation of emergency cases     

Chao Zhang  Jiansong Wu  Chao Huang  Bo Jiang 《Natural Hazards》2018,90(1):337-348

The aim of this paper is to propose a location model of earthquake emergency service depot on the basis of hybrid multi-attribute decision-making method. The advantage of the proposed method is that practical mixed uncertainty of location decision information is considered, and the corresponding factors that affect the location of transfer stations are contained. To solve the location problem, a hybrid multi-attribute decision procedure without information transformation is developed. Besides, a novel weighting method and aggregation process is given. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.  相似文献   

Study on the Development Laws of Bed-Separation Under the Hard-Thick Magmatic Rock and its Fracture Disaster-Causing Mechanism     

Jin-quan Jiang  Bin Xu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(3):1525-1543

Based on the analysis of dynamic phenomena under the condition of high-located hard-thick (HLHT) stratum of one coal mine, along with the similar material simulation and theoretical analysis, the characteristics of bed separation development and cracks distribution under the HLHT stratum are studied. This paper proposes a discriminating method for overlying strata Three Zones considering the influence of HLHT stratum. The development laws of cracks and disaster-causing mechanism of hard-thick magmatic rock in different strata are respectively analyzed. The studies show that in line with the working face advancing direction, the height of bed separation under the magmatic rock increases in the trend of “Increase–Stability–Decrease”, and the width of bed separation increases linearly. The width of bed separation reaches the maximum before the first breaking of magmatic rock, the bed separation completely closes after the breaking. There are no obvious bed separations during the period migration of magmatic rock. Along the direction of the height of roof, the development of bed separation is characterized by bottom-up jump based on the key strata. The analyzed results of “Three zone” height obtained by the discriminate method of overlying strata Three Zones which is based on the key strata theory and the S–R instability theory are in line with the actual facts. When the hard-thick magmatic rock is in the fractured zone, large amounts of gas and water are easy to accumulate in the bed separation space and “O” ring space around the gob. The first breaking of magmatic rock may induce bed separation gas outburst and water inrush. When the hard-thick magmatic rock is in the sagging zone, the long-term stability of magmatic rock will not cause serious disasters. But with the adjacent working face mining, bed separation gas and water often become a safety hazard.  相似文献   

Petrophysical characterisation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs using nuclear magnetic resonance: a case study of the upper Paleozoic strata in the Kangning area,eastern margin of the Ordos Basin,China     

Y. Y. Huyan  T. S. Liu  F. J. Jiang  X. Z. Chen  X. Q. Ma 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,65(6):863-875

Residual and movable porosity are significant parameters for characterising petrophysical properties, especially in tight reservoirs. Eight tight sandstone samples from the upper Paleozoic gas-bearing strata in the Kangning area, from the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), petrography, and porosity and permeability tests. The lithology and pore types were identified and classified using petrography and SEM. The residual and movable porosity were obtained with NMR. In addition, NMR was used to visualise pore structure and pore size distribution. The results suggest that the upper Paleozoic sandstones in the study area mainly comprise feldspathic litharenite and litharenite. The sandstone porosity and permeability are low, with means of 5.9% and 0.549 mD, respectively. Four pore types exist in the tight sandstones: residual primary pores, grain dissolution pores, micropores (clay-dominated) and microfractures. The T₂ spectra under water-saturated conditions correlate with pore size and can be used to distinguish small and large pores based on the transverse relaxation time cutoff value of 10 ms, which corresponds to a pore diameter of 0.232 μm. Small pores account for 72% of the pores in the tight sandstones. The continuous bimodal T₂ spectra suggest good connectivity between small and large pores, despite the low porosity and permeability. In this study, the movable porosity of the major tight sandstone gas reservoirs is higher than the residual porosity, which confirms the effective evaluation of movable porosity to tight sandstone reservoirs, based on NMR experiments.  相似文献   

川北地区寒武系筇竹寺组钙质结核裂缝充填物特征及指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯明友  郑江  刘田  刘小洪  张家强  梅文华  孙霓源  龙涛 《地质论评》2018,64(3):711-722

川北地区寒武系筇竹寺组钙质结核泥页岩中早成岩期钙质结核较发育,结核裂缝中见多期次矿物充填。为揭示钙质结核裂缝形成机理,本次结合岩石学特征及地球化学特征等开展系统研究。川北筇竹寺组钙质结核裂缝中见三~四期矿物充填。第一期微晶方解石表面较脏,阴极发光暗淡,δ13C_(PDB)、δ18O_(PDB)平均值分别为-4.26‰及-7.69‰;第二期为细—中晶粒状方解石充填,阴极发光为橘黄色,流体包裹体均一温度为平均值为86.4℃,δ13C_(PDB)、δ18O_(PDB)平均值分别为-3.15‰及-7.41‰;第三期为粗晶方解石充填阴极发光暗淡,流体包裹体均一温度平均值为96.6℃,δ~(13)C_(_(PDB))、δ~(18)O_(_(PDB))平均值分别为-1.73‰及-10.28‰;第四期为重晶石充填。结合区域构造史—热演化史分析表明,钙质结核裂缝中四期充填物分别指示早期脱水、烃源岩早成熟期生烃、加里东构造运动抬升释压及深埋藏期硫酸盐热还原作用事件。  相似文献   

四川盆地：周缘活动主控下形成的叠合盆地   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘树根 邓宾孙玮  钟勇李智武  李金玺姜磊 《地质科学》2018,(1):308-326

四川盆地位于扬子板块西缘和青藏高原东缘,地震勘探资料等揭示盆地前寒武纪基底保存完整的古俯冲带和地堑-地垒结构,说明盆地基底后期构造活动非常稳定;显生宙以来经历晚震旦世-石炭纪、二叠纪-中三叠世两幕克拉通边缘强拉张-强挤压,而克拉通内弱拉张-弱挤压的构造演化过程,体现出盆地内部稳定性结构沉积演化特征。克拉通内弱拉张初期以海相碳酸盐岩大面积稳定沉积（即震旦系灯影组和二叠系栖霞-茅口组）和随后的风化壳岩溶作用（即桐湾期、东吴期等不整合面）为特征,弱拉张期以拉张槽（如：绵阳-长宁拉张槽和开江-梁平拉张槽等）的形成为典型特征;弱挤压则以古隆起（如：加里东期乐山-龙女寺古隆起、印支期泸州古隆起等）的发育为典型特征。四川盆地晚三叠世后的前陆盆地演化阶段受控于其周缘造山带逆冲推覆构造活动,是现今地貌和构造盆地的主要建造期,形成了四川盆地周缘突变（线型）和渐变（弥散型）两种盆山结构。盆地西边界（龙门山）和北边界（米仓山-大巴山）即是线型突变边界,也是扬子地块（板块）的边界,边界几何形状和扬子板块刚性特征对盆山系统结构-构造特征等有较大的控制作用;四川盆地的东边界（齐岳山-大娄山）和西南边界（大凉山）即是渐变弥散型边界,同时也是板（陆）块内部的边界,它们受控于邻区（盆外）的构造变形和盆内沉积盖层中滑脱层的分布特征。受控于盆地（克拉通）周缘活动,四川盆地垂向上前寒武纪基底与盖层、盖层内早期和晚期构造具解耦特征。基底与盖层构造的解耦有利于盆地内部前寒武纪基底结构构造的保存和盖层内大型隆-坳结构的形成演化;盖层内早期和晚期构造的解耦有利于早期构造免遭后期破环,对深层油气藏的保存意义重大。总之,四川盆地可能是具独特形成过程和特征的叠合盆地新类型,其突出特征表现为周缘活动、内部稳定及早期和晚期构造解耦。  相似文献   

Acquiring high-resolution topography and performing spatial analysis of loess landslides by using low-cost UAVs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sheng Hu  Haijun Qiu  Xingang Wang  Yu Gao  Ninglian Wang  Jiang Wu  Dongdong Yang  Mingming Cao 《Landslides》2018,15(3):593-612

The Loess Plateau is a region in China prone to frequent geological disasters, where thousands of loess landslides can be found. Conventional field survey methods are inadequate for the requirements of fine spatial analysis of landslides. Due to its numerous advantages (fast, efficient, low cost, safe, and able to acquire high-resolution data), structure from motion (SfM) technique to photogrammetric orientation of flights and modeling applied to photographs taken by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with a camera has become a powerful new tool for the generation of high-resolution topography that has emerged in recent years, which has become a powerful new technique for acquiring high-resolution topographic data. In this study, we conducted nearly two months of field UAV surveys of loess landslides on the Loess Plateau, eventually established 3D digital models for 11 loess landslides, and produced high-resolution digital orthophoto maps (DOMs) and digital elevation models (DEMs). High-resolution spatial analysis of the loess landslides (mainly including characteristic parameter extraction, topography profile analysis, surface feature analysis, and hydrologic analysis) was performed using Agisoft PhotoScan, ArcGIS 10.2, Global Mapper 17, and Origin Pro 9.0. The UAV technique allows us to further understand the micro-level internal spatial and structural characteristics of loess landslides. Moreover, not only does it allow us to accurately measure the characteristic geometric parameters but also enables us to detect the surface details of loess landslides (e.g., textures, fissures, and micro-landforms). Manifestly, we can also deduce the original structural characteristics and possible inducement mechanism of landslides based on a combination of high-resolution data acquired by UAVs, proper ground surveys, and theoretical knowledge. In summary, the low-cost UAVs are highly and especially suitable for surveys and digital terrain analysis of landslides on the Loess Plateau with sparse vegetation.  相似文献   

Comparison in diversity of eukaryotic algae in surface sediments from different functional sea areas of Qingdao coast,the Yellow Sea,China: a metabarcoding approach     

Wang  Zhaohui  Lei  Mingdan  Ji  Shuanghui  Xie  Changliang  Chen  Jiazhuo  Li  Weiguo  Jiang  Tao 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2022,40(6):2322-2342

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Surface sediment samples were collected in three different functional sea areas in Qingdao coast, East China, including the inner Jiaozhou Bay, the Laoshan...  相似文献   

Identification of paralytic shellfish toxin-producing microalgae using machine learning and deep learning methods     

Xu  Wei  Niu  Jie  Gan  Wenyu  Gou  Siyu  Zhang  Shuai  Qiu  Han  Jiang  Tianjiu 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2022,40(6):2202-2217

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) microalgae, as one of the harmful algal blooms, causes great damage to the offshore fishery, marine culture, and marine...  相似文献   

Is the dinoflagellate Takayama xiamenensis a synonym of Takayama acrotrocha (Kareniaceae,Dinophyceae)?     

Lü  Songhui  Chao  Aimin  Liang  Qianyan  Cen  Jingyi  Wang  Jianyan  Jiang  Tao  Li  Si 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2022,40(6):2146-2163

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The naked dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha was identified as responsible for a bloom in Shenzhen Bay, Guangdong, China, in early spring 2021. The...  相似文献